Age-dependent aggravation of oral malodor and periodontal disease in dogs

Age-dependent electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes in German Shepherd dogs

By causing numerous changes in the cardiovascular system, ageing leads to a decreased threshold for clinical manifestation of heart disease. The aim of this study was to define the existence of cardiac structural and functional changes in healthy dogs of different age. Radiographic, electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic examinations of 20 clinically healthy German Shepherd dogs were ...

Treatment of oral malodor and periodontal disease using an antibiotic rinse.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an antibiotic rinse preparation, containing metronidazole and nystatin, in decreasing oral malodor and periodontal disease for individuals whose chief complaint was halitosis. This topical approach to oral biofilm control, by proactively managing the most pathogenic bacteria, differs from the traditional approach of reactively trea...

Periodontal Disease in Dogs

Periodontal disease is the most common oral disease in dogs with up of 80% of animals affected (Riggio et al., 2011). This disease is progressive and involves two stages: gingivitis (reversible) and periodontitis (irreversible, but often controllable). It is caused by plaque buildup on teeth. The plaque is a smooth membrane, adhesive, contaminated with saliva bacteria and debris. Bacteria and b...

Relationship Between Oral Malodor and Oral Microbiota

Oral malodor, also called halitosis or bad breath, is one of the major complaints made by patients visiting the dentist, ranking behind only dental caries and periodontal disease. It can originate from either systemic or oral conditions, but is usually related to an oral cause. Clinical causes of oral malodor include periodontitis, poor oral hygiene, tongue debris, deep caries, inadequately fit...

Oral malodor pdf